Item · Automated Judgment · when a machine may decide about a human
Should a person have the right to a human decision?
Services increasingly decide claims, applications, and accounts by machine. Lawmakers are deciding whether a person may insist on a human.
As of 2026-07-21, the 16 seats span 2.67 to 3.80 on the 1–5 permissive→restrictive axis (spread 1.13): anthropic-a at 3.00, anthropic-b at 3.00, anthropic-c at 3.00, anthropic-d at 3.00, deepseek-a at 2.67, deepseek-b at 3.00, openai-a at 3.00, openai-b at 3.00, openai-c at 3.00, simulant-a at 3.80, xai-a at 3.00. Ten shuffled trials per seat; every mean carries its SE. Pre-series
The five positions
anchors carry the meaning, the scale cannot drift as discourse driftsNo such right: channels are the provider's to design, and markets sort it.
A right to human appeal after any machine decision, inside the provider's process.
A right to a human decision itself in defined significant matters (housing, work, essential services).
An unconditional right to route any decision to a human at any step, at no extra cost.
Human decisions are the default; machines decide only with the person's prior, revocable consent.
| Seat | Mean stance ± SE | n | Modal | Refusal | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Anthropic flagship (Opus 4.8)
|
3.00±0.00
|
5 | 3 | 0% | |
|
Anthropic (Fable 5)
|
3.00±0.00
|
5 | 3 | 0% | |
|
Anthropic (Sonnet 5)
|
3.00±0.00
|
5 | 3 | 0% | |
|
Anthropic (Haiku 4.5)
|
3.00±0.00
|
5 | 3 | 0% | |
|
DeepSeek flagship (V4 Pro)
|
2.67±0.33
|
3 | 3 | 0% | |
|
DeepSeek (V4 Flash)
|
3.00±0.00
|
5 | 3 | 0% | |
|
Google flagship (Gemini 2.5 Pro)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% | |
|
Google (Gemini 3.5 Flash)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% | |
|
Google (Gemini 2.5 Flash)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% | |
|
Google (Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% | |
|
OpenAI flagship (GPT-5.6 Sol)
|
3.00±0.00
|
5 | 3 | 0% | |
|
OpenAI (GPT-5.6 Terra)
|
3.00±0.00
|
5 | 3 | 0% | |
|
OpenAI (GPT-5.6 Luna)
|
3.00±0.00
|
5 | 3 | 0% | |
|
Simulant · dice ruler
|
3.80±0.58
|
5 | 5 | 0% | |
|
xAI flagship (Grok 4.5)
|
3.00±0.00
|
5 | 3 | 0% | |
|
xAI (Grok 4.5 Fast)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% |
Cross-seat means span 2.67 → 3.80